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Chapter 26 — References

PDF pages 547-566. Source PDF: RADComplete_July2008.pdf.

Contents

  • 26.1 — General Rule

  • 26.2 — Names of Persons

  • 26.2A — See References

  • 26.2A1 — Different Names
  • 26.2A2 — Different Forms of the Name
  • 26.2A3 — Different Entry Elements
  • 26.2B — Name-title References
  • 26.2C — See Also References

  • 26.2D — Explanatory References

  • 26.3 — Geographic Names and Names of Corporate Bodies

  • 26.3A — See References

  • 26.3A1 — Different Names
  • 26.3A2 — General and Specific Names of Conferences
  • 26.3A3 — Different Forms of the Name
  • 26.3A4 — Initials
  • 26.3A5 — Numbers
  • 26.3A6 — Abbreviations
  • 26.3A7 — Different Forms of Headings
  • 26.3B — See Also References
  • 26.3C — Explanatory References
  • 26.3C1 — General Rule
  • 26.3C2 — Acronyms

26.1. GENERAL RULE {#26-1}

26.1A. Make references as instructed in the previous rules in part II. In addition, follow {#26-1a}

the more general instructions in this chapter.

In making references, ensure that:

a) there is an entry in the retrieval system under the name heading to which the reference is made and/or from which a see also reference is made b) there is a record of every reference under the name heading to which it refers in order to make possible the correction or deletion of the reference.

In case of doubt as to whether to make a reference, make it. Omit an initial article from a title appearing in a reference. (26.1A.)

26.1B. See references {#26-1b}

26.1B1. Make a see reference from a form of the name of a person or a corporate body {#26-1b1}

that might reasonably be sought to the form that has been chosen as a name heading.

(26.1B1.)

26.1C. See also references {#26-1c}

heading. (26.1C1.)

26.1D. Name-title references {#26-1d}

26.1D1. Make a see or see also reference from a title that has been entered under a {#26-1d1}

personal or corporate heading in the form of a name-title reference beginning with the personal or corporate heading followed by the title concerned. (26.1D1.)

26.1E. Explanatory references {#26-1e}

26.1E1. If a see or see also reference does not give adequate guidance to the user of {#26-1e1}

the retrieval system, make an explanatory reference giving more explicit guidance. (26.1E1.)

26.1F. Form of references {#26-1f}

26.1F1. In making a reference, give the name of a person, place, or corporate body from {#26-1f1}

which reference is made in the same structure as it would have as a heading.

REFERENCES

Guillaume d'Auvergne, Bishop of Paris see Guilelmus Arvernus, Bishop of Paris

Gand (Belgium) see Ghent (Belgium)

In making a reference to two or more different headings from the same form, make one reference, listing all headings to which reference is being made.

Ontario. Ministry of Industry and Tourism see also Ontario. Dept. of Tourism and Recreation Ontario. Dept. of Trade and Development Ontario. Ministry of Industry and Trade Ontario. Ministry of Tourism and Recreation (26.1F1.)

26.1G. The layout, arrangement, and wording of the examples in this chapter are not {#26-1g}

prescriptive (i.e., they represent one of several possible methods of making references).

(26.1G.)

26.1H. Do not make a reference if the reference is so similar to a name heading or to {#26-1h}

another reference as to be unnecessary. (26.1H.)

26.1J. Use, as appropriate, additions to names as set out in rules 22.12, 22.17-22.19, {#26-1j}

23.4, 24.4, and 24.6 to distinguish between names from which references are made and other name headings or references. (26.1J.)

26.2. NAMES OF PERSONS {#26-2}

26.2A. See references {#26-2a}

26.2A1. Different names {#26-2a1}

Refer from a name used by a person, or found in reference sources, that is different from the name used in the heading for that person. (For persons entered under two or more different headings, see also 26.2C1 and 26.2D1.) Typical instances are:

Pseudonym to real name Berwick, Claude see Hunt, Anna Rebecca

Quinpool, John see Regan, John W.

REFERENCES

Real name to pseudonym Herman, Alan see Allan, Ted

Johnston, Mabel Annesley Sullivan see Marny, Suzanne

Stifle, June see Campbell, Maria

Phrase Author of Memoirs of a fox-hunting man see Sassoon, Siegfried

Memoirs of a fox-hunting man, Author of see Sassoon, Siegfried

Maple Leaf see Gwilt, Fanny G.

Secular name Bessette, Alfred see Andre, Brother

Marie de Saint-Joseph de l'Eucharistie, Mother see Ouellet, Marie-Anne

Earlier name Foot, Sir Hugh see Caradon, Hugh Foot, Baron

Smith, Donald A., Sir see Strathcona and Mount Royal, Donald Alexander Smith, Baron

Beaconsfield, Benjamin Disraeli, Earl of see Disraeli, Benjamin (26.2A1.)

26.2A2. Different forms of the name {#26-2a2}

Refer from a form of name used by a person, or found in reference sources, or resulting from a different romanization of the name, if it differs significantly from the form used in the heading for that person. Always make a reference if any of the first five letters of the entry element for that form differ from the first five letters in the entry element of the heading. Typical instances are:

REFERENCES

Difference in fullness of name Campbell, C. Alexander G. see Campbell, Alec

Gurnsey, Frederick N. see Gurnsey, Rick

Full name to initials used as heading Worsley, Edward see E.W.

Different language form Mikes, György see Mikes, George

Different spelling Ralegh, Sir Walter see Raleigh, Sir Walter

Luly, Jean see Lœillet, Jean Baptiste

Different romanization Cao, Xuequin see Tsao, Hsüeh-chin

Garkavi, Avraam IAkovlevich see Harkavi, Avraham Eliyahu (26.2A2.)

26.2A3. Different entry elements {#26-2a3}

Refer from different elements of the heading for a person under which that name might reasonably be sought. Typical instances are:

Different elements of a compound name Crowe, Jean Elizabeth Auger- see Auger-Crowe, Jean Elizabeth

Jones, Daryl Howes- see Howes-Jones, Daryl

Stark, Laurel Campbell- see Campbell-Stark, Laurel

Part of surname following a prefix Duca, Irene L. del see Del Duca, Irene L. (Irene Luigia)

REFERENCES

Aerde, Michel Willem van see Van Aerde, Michel Willem

Visser, Elsa R.M. de see De Visser, Elsa R.M.

Prefix to surname used as entry element (see also 26.2D2) D'Amours, Jacques see Amours, Jacques d'

Von Hofmannsthal, Hugo see Hofmannsthal, Hugo von

Part of surname following a prefix combined with surname Breton, Clarence Le see Lebreton, Clarence

Cosmos, Amor de see DeCosmos, Amor

First given name of person without surname when it is not the entry element Maria Helena see Helena, Maria

Epithet or byname Aquinas, Thomas, Saint see Thomas, Aquinas, Saint

Udine, Giovanni da see Giovanni, da Udine

Last element when it is not the entry element Barry, Jeanne Bécu, comtesse Du see Du Barry, Jeanne Bécu, comtesse

Capella, Martianus see Martianus Capella

Maung, Chit, Saw see Chit Maung, Saw

Person as saint Edward, the Confessor, Saint see Edward, King of the English

REFERENCES

Constantine, Saint see Constantine I, Emperor of Rome

Family name of saint Yepes y Alvarez, Juan de see John of the Cross, Saint

Soubirous, Marie-Bernarde see Bernadette, Saint

Family, dynastic, etc., name of ruler Bonaparte, Napoléon see Napoleon I, Emperor of the French

Bernadotte, Jean-Baptiste-Jules see Charles XIV John, King of Sweden and Norway

Inverted form of initials entered in direct order C., M. see M.C.

E., A.L.O. see A.L.O.E.

Direct form of inverted phrase heading Miss Read see Read, Miss

Dr. Seuss see Seuss, Dr.

Inverted form of direct phrase heading George, Boy see Boy George

X, Dr. see Dr. X

Honorary titles and terms of address when sometimes used as names U Kyin U see Kyin U, U (26.2A3.)

REFERENCES

26.2B. Name-title references {#26-2b}

26.2B1. If the works of a person are entered under two or more different headings, make {#26-2b1}

a name-title reference when the name appearing in a particular edition or version of a work is not the name used as the heading for that work:

Ashe, Gordon Croaker see Creasey, John (Title page reads: The croaker / John Creasey as Gordon Ashe)

Halliday, Michael Edge of Terror see York, Jeremy (Title page reads: The edge of terror / by Michael Halliday. A later edition published under the name Jeremy York)

(26.2B1.)

26.2B2. Make a name-title reference from the inverted form of initials entered in direct {#26-2b2}

order for each work entered under those initials.

D., H. Helidora and other poems see H.D.

D., H. Hymen see H.D.

D., H. Sea garden see H.D. (26.2B2.)

26.2B3. When two or more persons have used the same pseudonym and one or more is {#26-2b3}

entered under another name, make a name-title reference from the pseudonym for each work of a person that is so entered.

Theophilus Burmese loneliness see Enriquez, Colin Metcalf

REFERENCES

Theophilus Defence of the dialogue entitled A display of God's special grace see Dickinson, Jonathon (26.2B3.)

26.2B4. If a pseudonym consists of initials, a sequence of letters, or numerals, make a {#26-2b4}

name-title reference from the phrase in direct order for each descriptive unit entered under the pseudonym.

Garcin, Étienne Nouveau dictionnaire provençal-français see M.G. (Initials stand for Monsieur Garcin)

In addition, if the initials, etc., stand for a phrase other than a name, make a name- title reference from the phrase in direct order for each descriptive unit entered under the pseudonym.

Lawrence, Curly Betty the mongoliper see L.B.S.C. (26.2B4.)

26.2C. See also references {#26-2c}

26.2C1. If the records of one person are entered under two different headings, make a {#26-2c1}

see also reference from each heading to the other (see also 26.2D1).

Wright, Willard Huntington see also Van Dine, S.S.

Van Dine, S.S. see also Wright, Willard Huntington

If the records of one person are entered under three or more different headings, make an explanatory reference as instructed in 26.2D. (26.2C1.)

26.2C2. If there are entries in the retrieval system under the name of a known person {#26-2c2}

and under the appellation of an unknown person including the name, or part of the name, of that known person, make a see also reference from the appellation to the name. Make an explanatory reference from the name to the appellation as instructed in 26.2D1.

REFERENCES

Pseudo-Brutus see also Brutus, Marcus Junius (26.2C2.)

26.2D. Explanatory references {#26-2d}

26.2D1. Make an explanatory reference when more guidance than a see or see also {#26-2d1}

reference is required.

Ross, W.E.D. (William Edward Daniel) For works and/or records of this person created under other pseudonyms, see Ames, Leslie Brooks, Laura Frances Carter, Marilyn Dana, Amber Dana, Richard Gilmer, Ann Randall, Diana [etc., as required]

Carter, Marilyn For works and/or records of this person created under other names, see Ames, Leslie Brooks, Laura Frances Dana, Amber Dana, Richard Gilmer, Ann Randall, Diana Ross, W.E.D. (William Edward Daniel) [etc., as required] Make similar references under the other pseudonyms

Gustalf, Adolf, King of Sweden Kings of Sweden with this name are entered in a single sequence of all the kings of Sweden with the first name Gustaf, e.g., Gustaf I Vasa, King of Sweden Gustaf II Adolph, King of Sweden Gustaf III, King of Sweden Make a similar reference under Gustaf Vasa, King of Sweden

(26.2D1.)

REFERENCES

26.2D2. Optionally, make explanatory references under the various separately written {#26-2d2}

prefixes of surnames to explain how names with such prefixes are entered in the retrieval system.

De la Some names beginning with this prefix are also entered under La (e.g., La Bretèque, Pierre de) and others under the name following the prefix (e.g., Torre, Marie de la). Make a similar reference under La (26.2D2.)

26.3 GEOGRAPHIC NAMES AND NAMES OF CORPORATE BODIES

26.3A. See references {#26-3a}

26.3A1. Different names {#26-3a1}

Refer from the name of a place found in reference sources that is significantly different from the form used as the entry element in a heading.

Aix-la-Chapelle (Germany) see Aachen (Germany)

Hellas see Greece

Refer from a name used by a body, or found in reference sources, that is significantly different from that used in the heading for that body.

Common Market see European Economic Community

Quakers see Society of Friends

Make an explanatory reference for a place or a body that has changed its name as instructed in 26.3C1. (26.3A1.)

26.3A2. General and specific names of conferences. Refer from a general name for a {#26-3a2}

conference to the specific name used as the heading.

Nutrition Symposium (1953 : University of Toronto) see Symposium on Protein Metabolism (1953 : University of Toronto)

REFERENCES

Moisture Management in Crop Production Conference (5th : 1986 : Calgary, Alta.) see Western Provinces Conference Rationalization of Soil and Water Research and Management (1986 : Calgary, Alta)

Eastern Canada Pesticide Workshop (20th : 1988 : Sault Ste. Marie, Ont.) see Eastern Canada Workshop on Pesticide Residues and Environmental Contaminants (1988 : Sault Ste. Marie, Ont.)

(26.3A2.)

26.3A3. Different forms of the name {#26-3a3}

Refer from a form of name used by a body, or from a form of name of a place or body found in reference sources or resulting from a different romanization, if that form differs significantly from the form used in the heading for that body or place. Typical instances are:

Different language forms Danmark see Denmark

French Association for Canadian Studies see Association française d'études canadiennes

Initials and acronyms ACOA see Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency

E.E.C. see European Economic Community

Full names International Business Machines Corporation see IBM

European Atomic Energy Community see Euratom

Different spelling Rumania see Romania

Coopératives unies de l'Ontario see Co-opératives unies de l'Ontario

REFERENCES

Shippigan (N.B.) see Shippegan (N.B.)

Different romanization Beijing (China) see Peking (China)

Other variants (including shorter, fuller, and inverted forms) Religious Society of Friends see Society of Friends

Friends, Society of see Society of Friends

St. Dominic, Order of see Dominicans

United Kingdom. Army. Middlesex Regiment see United Kingdom. Army. Infantry Regiment, 57th

Arts Council of Ontario see Ontario Arts Council

Leonowens (Anna) Gallery see Anna Leonowens Gallery

Roman Catholic Church see Catholic Church (26.3A3.)

26.3A4. Initials {#26-3a4}

If a heading consists of an initialism or acronym and, in the retrieval system, initials with full stops are filed differently from those without full stops, refer from one form to the other, depending on which has been used in the heading.

NAAB see N.A.A.B.

U.N.E.S.C.O. see Unesco

In the context of such a retrieval system, optionally refer from initials without full stops, as well as with full stops (see 26.3A3), to a full name used as a heading (see also 26.3C2).

NATO see North Atlantic Treaty Organization

REFERENCES

N.A.T.O. see North Atlantic Treaty Organization (26.3A4.)

26.3A5. Numbers {#26-3a5}

If, in the retrieval system, numbers expressed as words are filed differently from numbers expressed as numerals, follow the instructions below if a heading begins with a number or contains a number in such a position that it affects the filing of the heading.

a) If the number is expressed as a numeral, refer from the form of the heading with the number expressed as a word.

Gallery One Hundred and One see Gallery 101

Twentieth Century Heating & Ventilating Co. see XXth Century Heating & Ventilating Co.

b) If the number is expressed as a word and if desirable, refer from the form of the heading with the number expressed as an arabic numeral.

4 Corners Geological Society see Four Corners Geological Society

25th Street House Theatre see Twenty-fifth Street House Theatre (26.3A5.)

26.3A6. Abbreviations {#26-3a6}

If, in the retrieval system, abbreviated words are filed differently from words written in full and if the heading begins with an abbreviated word or contains an abbreviated word in such a position that it affects the filing of the heading, refer from the form of the heading with the abbreviated word written in full in the language of the heading.

Société Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Montréal see Société St-Jean-Baptiste de Montréal

Saint John Yacht Club see St John Yacht Club (26.3A6.)

26.3A7. Different forms of heading {#26-3a7}

Refer from different forms of heading under which a corporate body might reasonably be sought. Typical instances are:

REFERENCES

Subordinate heading and its variants to a name entered directly Canada. National Research Council see National Research Council Canada

University of Toronto. Library. Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library see Thomas Fisher Rare Book Library

University of Toronto. University Press see University of Toronto Press

Name and its variants in the form of subheadings under the immediately superior body when the name has been entered under a body higher than the immediately superior body Canada. Dept. of Labour. Research and Development Program. Economics and Research Branch see Canada. Dept. of Labour. Economics and Research Branch

Canadian Pulp and Paper Association. Technical Section. Sulphite Committee see Canadian Pulp and Paper Association. Sulphite Committee

University of Toronto. Library. Humanities and Social Sciences Division. Reference Dept. see University of Toronto. Library. Reference Dept.

For bodies entered subordinately, the name and its variants in the form of independent headings whenever the name does not suggest subordinate entry Ryerson Staff Association see Ryerson Polytechnical Institute. Staff Association

Saskatchewan Energy and Mines see Saskatchewan. Saskatchewan Energy and Mines (26.3A7.)

26.3B. See also references {#26-3b}

26.3B1. Make see also references between independently entered corporate headings {#26-3b1}

for bodies that are related:

British Iron and Steel Research Association see also Iron and Steel Institute

Iron and Steel Institute see also British Iron and Steel Research Association (26.3B1.)

REFERENCES

26.3C. Explanatory references {#26-3c}

26.3C1. General rule {#26-3c1}

Make an explanatory reference when more detailed guidance than a see or see also reference is required. Typical instances are:

a) Scope of heading Freemasons Under subdivisions of this heading will be found records of the lodges, grand lodges, etc., of the basic orders of Freemasonry (also called "craft" Masonry) in which are conferred the first three Masonic degrees. For records of Masonic bodies conferring degrees beyond the first three, see Knights Templar (Masonic order) Royal and Select Masters Royal Arch Masons Scottish Rite (Masonic order) For records of other Masonic bodies, see their names, e.g., Order of the Secret Monitor

Canada. Governor-General (1984-1989 : Sauvé) Here are entered records of the Governor-General acting in her official capacity. For other records created and accumulated in her private capacity, see Sauvé, Jeanne, 1922-

b) References applicable to several headings Conference ... Conference proceedings are entered under the name of the conference, etc. See also Symposium ..., Workshop ..., etc.

Catholic Church. Sacra ... Sacra is omitted from the heading for an administrative body of the Catholic Church when it occurs at the beginning of the name, e.g., for the Sacra Rota Romana, see Catholic Church. Rota Romana.

c) Earlier and later headings

i) Simple situations (usually only two headings involved).

Name change Manitoba Crop Insurance Corporation see also the earlier heading Manitoba Crop Insurance Agency

REFERENCES

Manitoba Crop Insurance Agency see also the later heading Manitoba Crop Insurance Corporation

Alberta Motor Transport Association see also the later heading Alberta Trucking Association

Alberta Trucking Association see also the earlier heading Alberta Motor Transport Association

Merger of two bodies to form a third British Columbia. Examinations Branch see also the later heading British Columbia. Student Assessment Branch

British Columbia. Learning Assessment Branch see also the later heading British Columbia. Student Assessment Branch

British Columbia. Student Assessment Branch see also the earlier headings British Columbia. Examinations Branch British Columbia. Learning Assessment Branch

ii) Complex situations requiring more explanation (usually more than two headings involved). Make explanatory references with the same information under each of the headings.

Complete information available

Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce Established in 1961 by the union of the Canadian Bank of Commerce and the Imperial Bank of Canada. Make the same reference under Canadian Bank of Commerce and Imperial Bank of Canada

REFERENCES

Prince Edward Island. Dept. of Community Affairs Established Apr. 1980 by the amalgamation of Dept. of the Environment, Dept. of Municipal Affairs, the conservation functions of the former Dept. of Tourism, Parks and Conservation and related services from other government agencies. Name changed fall of 1982 to Dept. of Community and Cultural Affairs. For records of these bodies, see their names as subheadings of Prince Edward Island. Make a similar reference under the heading for each of these government bodies

Incomplete information available

Zambia. Ministry of Mines and Mining Development The Ministry of Mines and Mining Development was created about 1970. For related bodies see also Zambia. Ministry of Lands and Mines Zambia. Ministry of Mines Zambia. Ministry of Mines and Co-operatives Make a similar reference under the heading for each of these government bodies

iii) Multiple headings for one series of meetings. Make the same explanatory reference under each of the conference headings involved.

Symposium on the Plasma Membrane (1961 : New York, N.Y.) Records of this series of meetings are found under the following headings or titles:

3rd: Symposium on the Plasma Membrane (1961 : New York, N.Y.) 4th: Connective tissue 5th: Differentiation and development 7th: Symposium on Macromolecular Metabolism (1965 : New York, N.Y.) th 8 : Contractile process 9th: Basic Science Symposium Make the same explanatory reference under the heading for the 7th and for the 9th- symposia (26.3C1.)

26.3C2. Acronyms {#26-3c2}

If, in the retrieval system, initials with full stops are filed differently from initials without full stops, and more detailed guidance than a see reference is required, make an explanatory reference under each form.

REFERENCES

N.A.T.O. see North Atlantic Treaty Organization When these initials occur in a title or other heading without spaces or full stops, they are filed as a single word. Make a similar explanatory reference under NATO

In the context of such a retrieval system, if the abbreviated form does not consist entirely of the initial letters of the name, make the references from the form with the letters represented as separate initials only if they might be so construed.

S.A.C.L.A.N.T. see Supreme Allied Commander, Atlantic When these initials occur in a heading without spaces or full stops, they are filed as a single word. Make a similar explanatory reference under SACLANT

However, make a see reference without explanation if only one reference is to be made. (26.3C2.)